Reishi, Dendrobium, and Ginseng: An Evidence-Based Review

This article examines reishi, Dendrobium officinale, and Asian ginseng using modern evidence-based medicine.

I. Overall conclusions

The strength of the evidence is roughly as follows

• StrongerThe results of multiple high-quality randomized trials are consistent.
• MediumThere are randomized trials, but they are small in scale and the results are inconsistent.
• WeakerA single small-scale trial;
• Very weakAnimal, cell experiments or traditional experience.

At present, none of the three has reached the level of evidence that can "replace drugs in treating certain diseases".

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II. Reishi

What exactly is Ganoderma lucidum

The main medicinal Ganoderma lucidum in China is:

• Red mushroom: usually marked as Ganoderma lucidum；
• Purple lucidumGanoderma sinense；
• The main medicinal parts areDried fruiting body。

The main research components include:

• Polysaccharides, especially β -glucans;
• Triterpenoids, such as ganoderic acid;
• Sterols, proteoglycans, etc.

It should be noted that the following products are not the same thing

• Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body
• Ganoderma lucidum mycelium
• Ganoderma lucidum spores powder
• Broken-wall spore powder
• Spore oil
• Polysaccharide extract;
• Triterpene extract.

Their components, concentrations and absorption rates are different. The research results of fruiting bodies cannot be directly applied to spore oil, nor can the dosage of a certain standardized extract be converted into ordinary Ganoderma lucidum tablets.

The traditional functions in Chinese medicinal standards are "tonifying qi, calming the mind, relieving cough and asthma", and the conventional dosage of the decoction pieces is daily 6 to 12 grams. These are norms for the use of traditional Chinese medicine and do not equate to modern clinical trials proving that they can treat diseases such as insomnia and asthma.

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2. Is there any evidence that Ganoderma lucidum has anti-cancer properties

The Cochrane systematic review included five small clinical trials. The results show that among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy, the possibility of objective tumor response after adding Ganoderma lucidum preparations is approximately that of the control group 1.27 times。

But special attention needs to be paid:

• The scale of the experiment is small.
• The quality of research is generally low.
• The products and dosages of Ganoderma lucidum are not uniform.
• The main focus is on short-term tumor response rather than overall survival.
• There is no sufficient evidence to prove that Ganoderma lucidum can prolong life.
• It cannot be proved that Ganoderma lucidum alone can shrink tumors.
• It cannot replace surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy.

Therefore, Cochrane's conclusion is that Ganoderma lucidum may be used as a treatment for some cancersAuxiliary productsContinue the research, but do not support its use as a first-line treatment or alone for cancer.

Cancer patients should also be aware that Ganoderma lucidum may affect anticoagulation and immunosuppressive therapy. Some spore powders may serve as tumor markers CA72-4 It rises, thereby interfering with the examination results.

Conclusion

The statement that "Ganoderma lucidum can inhibit cancer cells in a petri dish" does not mean that "it can cure cancer when consumed by humans."At present, there is no evidence to support cancer patients in discontinuing regular treatment and only taking Ganoderma lucidum.

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3. Lower blood sugar, blood lipid and blood pressure

This is a relatively clear "negative result" in the research of Ganoderma lucidum.

A Cochrane systematic review included five clinical studies involving a total of 398 participants. Trials that can be combined for analysis are usually conducted approximately daily 1.4 to 3 grams of Ganoderma lucidum extract, for 12 to 16 weeks. The results show:

• Glycated hemoglobin HbA1c: The average difference is approximately −0.10%It has no statistical significance.
• Fasting blood glucose: No significant decrease;
• Total cholesterol: No significant decrease;
• LDL cholesterol: No significant decrease;
• Triglycerides: No reliable improvement;
• Blood pressure: No reliable improvement;
• BMI: No significant change.

Therefore, currently, the use of Ganoderma lucidum to control diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidemia is not supported.

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4. What does "enhancing immunity" mean

The possible effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in cell and animal experiments:

• Macrophage;
• Natural killer cells
• T cells and B cells;
• Some cytokines;
• Inflammatory signaling pathways.

However, an increase in a certain immune indicator does not necessarily mean that the immune function has improved clinically. A truly meaningful outcome should be:

• The frequency of colds or infections has decreased;
• The protective effect of the vaccine has been enhanced.
• Improved cancer survival rates;
• The hospitalization rate has decreased.
• Significant improvement in symptoms or quality of life.

At present, there is a lack of high-quality and large-scale clinical trials to prove that long-term consumption of Ganoderma lucidum by ordinary healthy people can significantly reduce infection or "enhance immunity". Ganoderma lucidum may have an immunomodulatory effect, but it is not yet certain whether it will bring actual clinical benefits to the majority of healthy people.

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5. Ganoderma lucidum is beneficial for sleep, fatigue and coughing

"Calming the mind, relieving cough and asthma" belongs to the application of traditional Chinese medicine. The current modern clinical research is small in scale and the products vary greatly, which is not yet sufficient to confirm that it can treat:

• Chronic insomnia
• Anxiety;
• Asthma
• Chronic cough
• Chronic fatigue.

Moreover, Ganoderma lucidum itself may cause insomnia in a small number of people.

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6. Dosage of Ganoderma lucidum

Chinese herbal decoction pieces

Dosage of traditional Chinese medicine:

• Dried fruiting body6 to 12 grams per day；
• It is usually decocted and taken.

Spore powder

Some local regulations on traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces stipulate:

• Unbroken spore powder: 6 to 12 grams per day, decocted and taken orally.
• Broken-wall spore powder: 3 to 6 grams per day, taken in divided doses with warm water.

However, this is a specific regulation for traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces and cannot be applied to all health foods and high-concentration extracts.

Extract

Common examples in human clinical trials include:

• 1.4 to 3 grams of extract per day;
• Last for 12 to 16 weeks.

However, the content of polysaccharides and triterpenoids in different products varies greatly. Therefore, one cannot merely look at "how many milligrams", but also needs to consider:

• Raw material part;
• Extract the ratio, for example, 10:1;
• Polysaccharide content;
• β -glucan content;
• Triterpene content;
• Whether it is a mycelium powder cultivated as a fruiting body rather than starch.

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7. Safety of Ganoderma lucidum

Overall tolerance in short-term clinical trials is acceptable, and the following may occur:

• Nausea, stomach discomfort;
• Diarrhea
• Dry mouth;
• Dizziness;
• Insomnia
• Rash or allergy.

A very small number of cases have reported acute liver injury, which usually occurs several weeks to several months after use. However, the number of cases is very small, and some cases use other drugs or health supplements at the same time. Therefore, it can only be determined as a "possible but very rare" cause.

The following groups of people should not take it by themselves or should consult a doctor first:

• Use anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs such as warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel;
• Prone to bleeding or preparing for surgery;
• Use immunosuppressants;
• Organ transplant patients;
• Currently undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy or tumor immunotherapy;
• Has liver disease or has experienced drug-induced liver injury;
• Pregnant women, lactating women and children.

When jaundice, dark urine, obvious fatigue, persistent nausea or abnormal bleeding occurs, discontinue use immediately and seek medical attention.

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III. Dendrobium officinale

What is Dendrobium officinale

Dendrobium officinale is a plant of the Orchidaceae family:

Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo

The main medicinal and edible part is the stem. Common products include:

• Fresh Dendrobium officinale;
• Dry strips
• Iron Sheet Maple Leaf
• "Slice;
• Dendrobium powder
• Polysaccharide extract.

Dendrobium officinale is not the same species as Dendrobium nobile, Dendrobium guchi, Dendrobium huoshan, etc. The alkaloids, polysaccharides and other components of different dendrobiums are not the same and should not be confused.

The main research components include:

• Polysaccharides, usually the most closely watched part;
• Mannose related polysaccharides;
• Benzyl and phenanthrene compounds;
• Flavonoids and phenols;
• A small amount of alkaloids.

Polysaccharides are one of the important indicators in the quality evaluation of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The traditional functions are mainly described as "benefiting the stomach and promoting the production of body fluids, nourishing Yin and clearing heat", and the common dosage of the dried medicinal product is daily 6 to 12 grams。

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2. Clinical trials on radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis

A randomized clinical trial published in 2025 enrolled 60 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with radiation-induced oral mucositis, with 30 patients in each group.

The experimental group used:

• Each package of dried Dendrobium officinale weighs 6 grams.
• 2 packs per day;
• namely 12 grams per day；
• Boil it down to about 200 milliliters of liquid;
• Last for one month;
• Both groups received basic treatments such as gargling with compound vitamin B12.

The results show:

Saliva secretion volume

• Control group: Decreased from approximately 0.724 to 0.353 grams per minute;
• Dendrobium officinale group: Decreased from approximately 0.635 to 0.437 grams per minute.

Saliva secretion decreased in both groups, but the decrease was less significant in the Dendrobium officinale group.

Severe oral mucositis

Severe mucositis of grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ occurred after treatment

• Control group: 17/30 people, approximately 56.7%;
• Dendrobium officinale group: 5/30 people, approximately 16.7%.

Based on the original number of people, the absolute risk difference is approximately 40 percentage points, and the relative risk is about 0.29. However, this is a single-item study with a sample size of only 60 people, and the values may be magnified due to the small sample size.

Inflammation and microbiota indicators

Some inflammatory indicators showed intra-group changes, but there were no statistically significant differences between multiple groups. There has been no very clear improvement in the overall diversity of oral microbiota either. The author himself admitted that the sample size was small and the follow-up period was limited.

Furthermore, the paper refers to it as "double-blind", but the method shows that the control group did not drink placebo tea with the same appearance and taste, so it is questionable whether the participants truly did not know their group. This will increase the risk of bias in terms of subjective symptoms and care behaviors.

Conclusion

This is aPositive signals worth further studyHowever, it cannot be asserted yet that Dendrobium officinale has been proven to treat all oral ulcers, dry mouth or radiation-induced injuries.

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3. Dendrobium officinale can lower blood sugar

Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides have been found in diabetic mice:

• Lower blood sugar;
• Improve insulin resistance;
• Reduce inflammation;
• Improve the intestinal mucosal barrier;
• Alter the intestinal flora;
• Reduce lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation.

However, these are mainly animal models of diabetes induced by high-fat diets and streptozotocin.

Up to now, research reviews on "Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides regulating gut microbiota and improving diabetes" have clearly pointed out that there are not enough published or registered human clinical trials to verify these metabolic results.

Therefore:

• The doses from animal experiments cannot be directly converted to human doses.
• It cannot replace metformin, insulin or other hypoglycemic drugs;
• Even if there are occasional changes in blood sugar levels after taking the medicine, it does not mean that the disease has been treated for diabetic patients.

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4. "Protect the stomach, nourish the stomach, and promote saliva production

Animal and cell studies suggest that Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides may:

• Increase gastrointestinal mucus and barrier-related proteins;
• Reduce experimental gastric mucosal injury;
• Regulate inflammatory pathways;
• Alter the composition of intestinal microbiota;
• Short-chain fatty acids are produced by fermentation by intestinal bacteria.

However, there is currently a lack of sufficient randomized human trials to prove that it can treat:

• Chronic gastritis
• Gastric ulcer
• Reflux esophagitis
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Constipation
• Diabetic gastroparesis.

"Feeling moist in the mouth after drinking" may also be a temporary sensation caused by drinking water and thick polysaccharides, and does not necessarily indicate that salivary gland or gastric mucosa diseases have been treated.

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5. Anti-cancer, anti-aging, liver protection and immune enhancement

Dendrobium officinale and its polysaccharides and benzyl components have been shown in the laboratory:

• Antioxidant
• Anti-inflammatory
• Inhibit the growth of some tumor cells;
• Regulate apoptosis;
• Improve liver injury in animals;
• Regulate animal immune cells;
• Reduce oxidative damage in some aging models.

These results mainly come from in vitro or animal studies. Although the relevant reviews have listed potential effects such as anti-tumor, liver protection, anti-diabetes, immune regulation, and anti-aging, they also reflect the insufficiency of clinical translational evidence.

So at present, it cannot be said that there is Dendrobium officinale.

• It can prevent cancer.
• It can prolong one's lifespan.
• It can treat fatty liver.
• It can reverse aging.
• It can significantly enhance the immunity of ordinary people.

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6. Dosage of Dendrobium officinale

Dried medicinal products

Common dosages of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces

• 6 to 12 grams per day；
• It is usually decocted and taken orally.

The above-mentioned oral mucositis test

• 6 grams Twice;
• A total of 12 grams per day；
• For one consecutive month.

This dosage can only indicate how much was used in the experiment and cannot be automatically taken as the health care dosage for ordinary people.

Why is the dosage of food different from that of medicine

Dendrobium officinale was included in the list of newly added food and drug substances in China in 2023. The official recommendation is to consume it in moderation according to traditional methods, and it is not recommended for special groups such as pregnant women, lactating women and infants.

Some previous local pilot food management documents have adopted the principle that dried products should not exceed the standard 3.5 grams per day The limitation. This belongs to the amount of food risk management; The 6 to 12 grams in the pharmacopoeia is the prescribed dosage for traditional Chinese medicine. The two have different purposes and cannot be substituted for each other.

Fresh product

The fresh product has a very high moisture content and cannot be converted in equal weight to the dried product. Unless the product clearly indicates "equivalent to how many grams of dried product", "how many to eat every day" has no standard significance.

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7. The safety of Dendrobium officinale

When consumed in moderation in the traditional way, no representative serious adverse reactions have been found in the official data. However, this does not mean that long-term and large-scale population safety verification has been completed.

The main problem is:

• There is a scarcity of clinical safety data on the human body.
• The polysaccharide concentrations of each product vary greatly.
• Fresh products, Acer truncatum, powder and extracts cannot be compared in equal amounts.
• Dendrobium species are easily confused.
• The quality risks of pesticides, heavy metals, mold and illegal additives may be more realistic than those of the medicinal materials themselves.

The following groups of people are not recommended to use it for a long time on their own:

• Pregnant women and lactating women;
• Infants, toddlers and children;
• Those undergoing cancer treatment;
• Those who use multiple prescription drugs;
• Those with severe abnormalities in liver and kidney functions;
• People allergic to orchidaceae plants;
• People whose blood sugar levels tend to fluctuate after taking medication for diabetes.

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IV. Asian ginseng

First, distinguish which kind of ginseng it is

This section mainly discusses:

Asian ginseng, Korean ginseng, Chinese ginsengPanax ginseng

Common processing forms

• White ginseng: Usually processed by drying;
• Red ginseng/Korean red ginsengAfter steaming and then drying;
• Ginseng powder
• Water extract;
• Ethanol extract;
• Standardized ginsenoside extract.

The following are not the same type:

• American ginsengPanax quinquefolius；
• SanqiPanax notoginseng；
• "Siberian ginseng" : Acanthopanax senticosus, does not belong to true ginseng.

The main research component of ginseng isGinsenosideIncluding Rb1, Rg1, Re, Rd, etc. The composition of saponins can be significantly altered by different origins, ages, processing methods and extraction solvents.

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2. Does it have any effect on fatigue

This is an area where there is relatively more human evidence of ginseng.

A 2023 review summarized by the NCCIH in the United States included 19 studies and 2,413 participants, and the conclusion was:

• Using Asian ginseng alone may offer a slight help for general fatigue.
• Compound preparations containing ginseng may improve some chronic fatigue.
• The research products, diseases and scales vary greatly.
• The effect is not stable and not everyone can feel it.

Another meta-analysis found that the standardized mean difference of the ginseng compound on the fatigue scale was approximately −0.39; In the chronic fatigue subgroup, it is approximately −0.30. This is usually a minor effect, and the efficacy of the compound cannot be entirely attributed to ginseng.

Practical significance

Ginseng may make some people feel slightly less tired subjectively, but it cannot:

• Alternative to sleep;
• Treat anemia;
• Treat thyroid diseases;
• Treating depression
• Correct sleep apnea;
• Relieve fatigue caused by heart, liver and kidney diseases.

If there is long-term and obvious fatigue, the cause should be checked first.

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3. Regarding athletic ability and physical strength

Overall research does not support a significant improvement in ginseng:

• Maximum oxygen uptake
• Running performance;
• Muscle strength
• Exercise endurance
• Muscle building speed.

NCCIH believes that most studies have not shown that ginseng has a reliable promoting effect on athletic performance.

Feeling energetic after eating does not necessarily mean an objective improvement in physical ability. It may also be related to the anticipation effect, caffeine combination or sleep conditions.

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4. Regarding cognition, memory and dementia

Some small-scale trials have observed slight improvements in certain short-term cognitive tests in middle-aged healthy adults, but the research results are inconsistent.

The Cochrane review holds that:

• There is no convincing evidence of cognitive improvement in healthy people.
• There is no high-quality evidence to prove that ginseng can prevent or treat dementia.
• It cannot be proved that it can prevent Alzheimer's disease.

Therefore, the promotion of "nourishing the brain" and "preventing Alzheimer's disease" clearly outweighs the existing evidence.

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5. For erectile function

A Cochrane systematic review found that compared with placebo participation, the International Index of Erectile Function may improve by an average of approximately 3.52 pointsHowever, the smallest clinically important difference commonly used is approximately 4 points.

That is to say:

• There might be a slight improvement in statistics;
• The average improvement rate is lower than the threshold that is generally considered "patients feel significantly useful".
• Low certainty of evidence;
• It cannot replace PDE5 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk assessment.

Erectile dysfunction is sometimes an early sign of diabetes, arteriosclerosis or cardiovascular disease and should not be treated solely with supplements.

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6. For blood sugar, blood lipid and blood pressure

A review involving 20 studies and 1,295 participants observed improvements in fasting blood glucose or insulin resistance in certain trials, especially those with longer durations.

But in general, there exists:

• There are different varieties of ginseng.
• Red ginseng, white ginseng and their extracts are mixed.
• The content of ginsenosides varies greatly.
• The research subjects include healthy people, diabetic patients and patients with metabolic syndrome.
• The results are contradictory.
• Long-term indicators such as HbA1c have shown unstable improvement.

Therefore, the conclusion of NCCIH remains that the evidence for the effect of ginseng on blood sugar control is uncertain and inconsistent.

Ginseng may lower blood sugar in some people. Therefore, when used together with drugs such as insulin, sulfonylureas, and glibinide, it may instead increase the risk of hypoglycemia.

At present, there is no sufficient evidence to recommend the use of ginseng for the treatment of hypertension or hyperlipidemia.

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7. For immunity, colds and cancer

Some studies have shown that ginseng may affect immune cells, antibody responses or inflammatory indicators, but the product differences are significant, and it is not sufficient to assert that long-term use by healthy people can significantly reduce infections.

A systematic review of 65 randomized trials for various diseases found that:

• The research covers multiple fields such as fatigue, cognition, metabolism, respiratory tract, and sexual function;
• The risk bias in most studies is unclear;
• No decisive and high-quality conclusion has been reached for a specific disease.

At present, there is no evidence to support that ginseng can:

• Treating cancer
• Prevent cancer recurrence;
• Alternative vaccines;
• Replace anti-infective drugs;
• Prolong the lifespan of healthy people.

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8. The specific dosage of ginseng

It must be distinguished by product type.

Dosage of Chinese herbal decoction pieces

Chinese medicinal ginseng is usually:

• Decoction pieces3 to 9 grams per day；
• It is usually decocted separately and then mixed with other medicinal liquids.
• Ginseng powder: 2 grams each time, twice a day.

Food management dosage in China

Approved as ordinary food ingredients are:

• Ginseng cultivated artificially for five years or less;
• Roots and rhizomes
• No more than 3 grams per day；
• Pregnant women, lactating women and children under 14 years old should not consume it.

This is not contradictory to the 3 to 9 grams prescribed in medical prescriptions: one is the daily food safety limit, and the other is the dosage for traditional Chinese medicine treatment.

The dosage of traditional herbal medicines of the European Medicines Agency

The adult doses of different preparations include:

The EMA's Special Treatise on Traditional Herbal Medicines usually recommends a maximum usage period of approximately three months. If fatigue persists or worsens, the cause should be checked instead of constantly increasing the dosage.

A relatively conservative self-use plan

For adults without underlying diseases who merely want to observe whether it is helpful for general fatigue, a more reasonable approach is:

• Select clearly marked Panax ginseng A single-sided product;
• Standardized 4% ginsenoside extract: Start with About 100 milligrams per dayStart;
• Or ginseng powder/dried products approximately 1 to 2 grams per day；
• Take it in the morning or around lunch, and avoid taking it in the evening.
• Observe for 4 to 8 weeks;
• Stop if there is no obvious help. Do not increase the dosage infinitely.
• Generally, do not use it continuously for more than three months by yourself.

This is not a prescription for treating diseases, but a conservative trial approach based on the dosage of existing monographs.

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9. Side effects and interactions of ginseng

Short-term use at the recommended dose is tolerable for most adults. NCCIH believes that the recommended oral dose should not exceed approximately six months, which seems relatively safe for most people, but long-term safety data is still insufficient.

The most common side effects are:

• Insomnia
• Excitement, palpitations;
• Headache;
• Stomach discomfort;
• Disgusting;
• Diarrhea or constipation;
• Rash, itching.

Rare but important reports include:

• Severe allergy;
• Severe rash;
• Liver injury
• Low blood sugar;
• Abnormal bleeding or coagulation.

People who particularly need to be cautious:

• Currently using hypoglycemic drugs or insulin;
• Use anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs;
• Patients with autoimmune diseases;
• Use immunosuppressants;
• Organ transplant patients;
• People with severe insomnia or those prone to palpitations;
• Pregnant women and lactating women;
• Infants, toddlers and children;
• The person preparing for the operation.

Traditional Chinese medicine norms also stipulate that ginseng should not be used together with veratrum and Wulingzhi.

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V. Is taking all three together better?

At present, there are no high-quality randomized trials to prove:

Ganoderma lucidum + Dendrobium officinale + ginseng
It is more effective than any one used alone.

There are several problems with taking them together:

1. It is impossible to determine which one is effective or causes side effects.
2. Ginseng may cause insomnia, palpitations or hypoglycemia.
3. Ganoderma lucidum may increase the risk of bleeding and affect immunosuppressive therapy.
4. The data on the human interaction of Dendrobium officinale is very limited.
5. The three different products may be mixed with other traditional Chinese medicines, caffeine, sugar or alcohol.
6. When using multiple products, it is difficult to determine the cause of liver damage or allergies once they occur.

Therefore, it is not recommended that ordinary people take all three types of medicine for a long time for the sake of "comprehensive health care".

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VI. Choosing based on your goal

Just get tired easily

Among the three,The basis for ginseng is relatively the bestHowever, the average effect is relatively small.

First, rule out

• Insufficient sleep or sleep apnea;
• Anemia
• Abnormal thyroid gland
• Depression, anxiety;
• Diabetes
• Liver and kidney diseases;
• Side effects of the drug.

After the inspection shows no obvious problems, standardized ginseng products can be tried for a short period of time.

Want to lower blood sugar, blood lipid and blood pressure

None of the three should be the main options:

• Overall, human studies on Ganoderma lucidum do not support it.
• Dendrobium officinale is mainly used for animal research.
• The results of ginseng are inconsistent.

The evidence for diet, weight loss, exercise and regular medication is far stronger than that for the three.

Want to fight cancer or prevent it

None of the three has sufficient evidence to prevent or treat cancer.

There are small-scale research signals regarding Ganoderma lucidum as an adjuvant therapy, but cancer patients should consult an oncologist first, especially when they are undergoing anticoagulation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or need to monitor CA72-4.

Dry mouth and oral mucositis after radiotherapy

There is a small positive test for Dendrobium officinale, but it should still be used as an adjunct to be evaluated by a radiation oncologist, a dentist, or a traditional Chinese medicine practitioner familiar with tumor treatment. It should not replace standard oral care and mucositis treatment.

Want to improve sleep

None of the three are well-documented treatments for insomnia. Ginseng and Ganoderma lucidum may even cause insomnia for some people.

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VII. What to look for on product labels

Reishi

At least it should be clearly stated:

• Red lucidum or purple lucidum;
• Fruiting bodies, mycelium or spores;
• Whether the wall is broken;
• The actual content of polysaccharides, β -glucan or triterpenoids;
• Extraction ratio
• How much of the original medicinal materials does the daily dosage correspond to?

Only write "Polysaccharides 30%" without β -glucan, which may contain a large amount of common starch or α -glucan.

Dendrobium officinale

Confirm

• The scientific name is Dendrobium officinale；
• The application part is the stem.
• Fresh product, dried product or extract;
• Polysaccharide content and equivalent dry product quantity;
• Are there any tests for pesticide residues, heavy metals and microorganisms?

Ginseng

Confirm

• Panax ginseng；
• Red ginseng or white ginseng;
• Total amount of ginsenosides
• Specific saponins or standardized percentages;
• Extraction ratio
• Don't mistake American ginseng or Acanthopanax senticosus for the same type of ginseng.